Finely divided fuel burner



Feb. 27, 1934. G. P. JACKSON FINELY DIVIDED FUEL BURNER Filed July 19, 1928 2 Shets-Sheet 1 6 @L IL IZ ATTORNEY} Feb. 27, 1934. JACKSON 1,949,277

FINELY DIVIDED FUEL BURNER Filed July 19, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNEYJ f INVENTOR Patented Feb. 27, 193% um'rso FKNELY DIVIDED FUEL BURNER George P. Jackson, Flushing, N. Y., assignor' to International Combustion Engineering Corporation, New York, N. Y.,

aware a corporation of Del- Application July 19, 1928. Serial No. 293,807

5 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in finely divided fuel burning, and especially to burners adapted for use in furnaces which are to be fired with pulverized coal by the tangential method 5 of firing, i. e., by introducing the fuel at the corners of the combustion chamber in directions so that the fuel and flame streams are tangent to an imaginary circle, the axis of which lies substantially in the axial center line of the combus- 1 tion chamber.

One of the primary objects of my invention is the provision of a burner having a plurality of fuel nozzles in which the nozzles may be independently removed and inserted without necesl sitating shutting down the furnace in which they are employed.

Anozher object of my invention is the provision of a burner adapted to deliver thefuel in thin horizontally disposed sheets.

Still another object resides in admitting fuel and air into a combustion chamber at the corners thereof in directions tangent to an imaginary circle having a vertical axis and in substantially horizontally disposed layers of air and fuel alternating vertically.

A further object is to provide a burner which may be controlled so as to either produce or reduce slagging.

How the foregoing, together with such other objects and advantages as may hereinafter appear, or are incident to my invention are realized,

is illustrated in preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein-- Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical section of a portion of a furnace showing my improved burner applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, with the burner appearing in full view.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the arrangement of the burners for tangential firing.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevational view of my improved burner with the upper and lower right hand portion and the central portion of the air casing broken out and appearing in section to clearly show the interior arrangement of the burner, and alsoshowing a portion of each of the fuel nozzles in section as well as the airdeflector members which are detachably secured to the end portions of the nozzles.

Fig. 5 is a plan section of the burner taken substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Figs. 4. and 5, the burner comprises in general an air casing or housing A and a plurality of pulverized fuel nozzles B. The air casing is built up of a plurality of sections for convenience of manufacture, but as a whole may be considered as a single member. In this instance the casing is divided into three passages or compartments (1, b and c, the in.ermediate passage or compartment b being considerably larger than the passages or compartments a and c.

The opening it extends for the full height of the burner casing A and is provided for the purpose of admitting air to the burner. The conduit '6 through which air is supplied is secured to the casing and communicates with the opening (1. The end-7 of the casing is open. 7

The plurality of fuel nozzles B are located in the intermediate compartment b of the casing, and they are so arranged as to divide the compartment b of the casing into a plurality of air passages receiving air through the inlet opening (1 and delivering air through the open end of the casing. Stated in another way, the fuel nozzles B are spaced sufiiciently apart and from the walls 8 and 9 of the casing A so as to divide the compartment b into air passages 10, 11, 12 and 13.

The fuel nozzles B are inserted into the'casing A through suitable openings 14 in the end 15 thereof, and are detachablly secured in place by means of bolts 16 and flanges 17. Further supports for the fuel nozzles are provided by means of the shelves 18 on the interior of the casing on which the portions 19 of the fuel nozzles rest. For convenience of manufacture I preferably form the fuel nozzles 'of several parts bolted or otherwise secured together.

Air deflector members or vanes 20 are detachably secured to the fuel nozzles at their discharge ends for the purpose of deflecting air from the air passages directly into the discharging fuel stream.

The outer end of each fuel nozzle is also provided with two arcuate deflectors 26 one on the top and one on the bottom of each nozzle. When the nozzles are in place these deflectors cooperate with similarly curved portionsz'l of the casing 1 proper to deflect the air entering the casing 00 through opening it toward the discharge end 011' the burner.

By having the fuel nozzles detachably secured in the casing A I am enabled to remove them in dependently of one another should it be desired to change the shape and contour of the air deflectors 20, or for cleaning purposes, inspection, or the like, and as this would not involve removing the entire bmner, such changes may -be made no without necessitating a shut down of the installation.

I have also provided deflector members or plates 21 for the air passages, which members are adiustsbly securedtothecasingaasbymeansof movable wedges 22 and clamping bolts 23.

Dampers 24, controllable in any suitable manner, are provided for controlling the admission impingement of one coal stream upon another produces most effective rapid mixing and consequently rapid and violent combustion and high temperatures.

It is pointed out that the fuel nozzles and air passages are of considerable length which permits of proper directioning of the coal and air streams. The fuel nozzles are transversely elongated and have their long axes extending horizontally so that the fuel is delivered in thin horizontally disposed sheets, 7

The coal and air enters in horizontally disposed layers which alternate, vertically, in a manner causing the coal stream to spread out and thoroughly and quickly mix with the air, and the action produced may be regulated by controlling the velocity of the air relative to the velocity of the coal.

In addition to the air passages 10, 11, 12 and 13 which deliver air immediately adjacent the fuel streams, I may admit streams of air to the combustion chamber through the damper controlled m'r compartments a and c which form additional air passages. With a maximum amount of air entering the lowest air compartment a, a cool zone is created in the lower part of the furnace, thereby preventing slag as this air will absorb heat from the ash pit. Further, this air, rising thru the products of combustion, will expedite combustion. If it is desired to create a slagging furnace, the air entering through, the compartment 0 is reduced, which will cause the flame to hug the bottom of the furnace, raising the temperature at this point and causing a flow of slag. This will also stimulate combustion due to the additional flame impingement on the else.

The upper air compartment 0 provides air through which the ascending solid and combustible gases rise to find such additional oxygen as may be required for their complete combustion.

I claim:-

I. A finely divided fuel burner comprising a casing having an open end, means dividing the easing into upper, lower and intermediate air passages discharging through the open end of the casing, the intermediate pamage being substantially larger than the others, a plurality of fuel nozzles in said intermediate passage so arranged that they divide said intermediate passage into a plurality of smaller flat, horizontal passages and the open end of said intermediate passage into a plurality of flat, horizontal air discharge openings, and means for independently controlling the air to said upper. lower and intermediate air passages.

2. In a finely divided fuel burning combustion chamber the walls of which are lined with water tubes, burner means for admitting fuel into said chamber at the corners thereof in a direction tangent to an imaginary circle having a vertical axis, the said burner means comprising a casing having an open end in the combustion chamber. means dividing the casing into upper, lower and intermediate air passages discharging into the combustion chamber through the open end of the casing, and means dividing the intermediate passage into a plurality of flat, horizontal alternate air and fuel passages delivering superimposed flat, horizontal alternate sheets of fuel and air into the combustion chamber.

3. In a finely divided fuel burning combustion chamber the walls of which are lined with water tubes, burner meansfor admitting fuel into said chamber at the corners thereof in a direction tangent to an imaginary circle having a vertical axis, the said burner means comprising a casing having an open end in the combustion chamber, means dividing the easing into upper, lower and intermediate air passages discharging into the combustion chamber through the open end of the casing, means dividing the intermediate passage into a plurality of fiat, horizontal alternate air and fuel passages delivering superimposed flat, horizontal alternate sheets of fuel and air into the combustion chamber, and means for independently controlling the air to said upper, lower and intermediate air passages.

4. A finely divided fuel burner comprising a casing having a closed end and an open end, means dividing the casing into upper, lower and intermediate air passages discharging through the open end of the casing, the said casing having nozzle openings in the intermediate passage in the closed end thereof and having an air inlet opening at one side adjacent said closed end, a plurality of fiat independently detachable fuel nozzles in said intermediate air passage having their discharge ends at the open end of the casing and their opposite ends in said nozzle openings, the said nozzles being horizontally disposed within the casing and vertically spaced apart to divide said intermediate air passage into a plurality of fiat, horizontal air passages communicating with the air nlet opening, the discharge end of the intermediate air passage being thus divided into a plurality of adjacent fiat, horizontal alternate air and fuel passages, and means for independently regulating the flow of air through said upper, lower and intermediate air passages.

5. A finely divided fuel burner comprising a casing having an open end, nozzle openings at the opposite end and an air inlet opening at one side adjacent said opposite end, a plurality of fiat, independently detachable fuel nozzles in said casing having their discharge ends at the open end of the casing and their opposite ends in said nozzle openings, said nozzles being horizontally disposed within the casing and vertically spaced apart to divide the casing into a plurality of flat, horizontal air passages communicating with the air inlet opening, the discharge end of the burner being thus divided into a plurality of adjacent fiat, horizontal air and fuel passages, the said fuel nozzles having at their discharge ends detachable deflectors projecting into the air passages and deflecting some of the air into the fuel streams.

GEORGE P. JACKSON.

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